Germanium recovery_ Introduction to Rare Metal Germanium

The historical origin of metallic germanium:

Germanium is a silver white Metalloid with crystal structure. Its element symbol is Ge, and its Atomic number is 32, belonging to the 14th family of the periodic table. Its Atomic mass is 72.64g/mole, and its melting point is 937.4 ℃. It is relatively inactive, but can form Covalent bond with other elements, such as oxygen and sulfur. Germanium is considered a semi metal because it has both metallic and non-metallic properties.

In 1886, Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, discovered the Active ingredient germanium when he was studying a mineral called augite. Since then, it has become an important component of modern technology and has been used in all fields from transistors to solar cells. Germanium is most commonly found in coal, which is where it was first discovered. It has also been found in zinc ore and some clay deposits. It is commercially produced through smelting or chemical processing of ores. Germanium is used for various industrial purposes. Most germanium is used in semiconductors, mainly in transistors.

Application of metal germanium:

1. Germanium is a widely used element. It can be used as a component for glass and optical fibers, and is also one of the most important components of gallium arsenide semiconductors. Germanium is also used as a catalyst in chemistry and as a stabilizer for dyes and other chemicals in pharmaceuticals.

2. The medical industry uses germanium to manufacture X-ray and imaging equipment. This device is used for diagnosing diseases and monitoring progress. Ge-68 is sometimes used to make medical isotopes that can be used in Nuclear medicine.

3. Germanium has some interesting medical applications. For example, it can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and it is used as a radioactive nuclide to identify tumor cells. Germanium is also a component of some drugs used to treat inflammation and enhance the immune system.

4. Germanium is often used in infrared optics due to its high refractive index, making it an excellent raw material for lenses, windows, and other components used in infrared optical systems. Germanium also has a high infrared radiation transmittance, and due to its low absorption coefficient, it can be used as a window material in the range of 8-12 µ m. Germanium not only has excellent optical properties, but also has high mechanical strength and can resist environmental influences. Germanium is used in infrared lenses and windows in night vision systems, thermal imaging systems, and astronomical applications.

Germanium has a long and interesting history and has become an important component of modern technology. Its richness, cost-effectiveness, and versatility make it a valuable element that will continue to be used for many years to come.

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